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Título: STUDY OF A CHP UNIT COMBINING A PEM FUEL CELL, PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AND STORAGE SYSTEM: 4E ANALYSIS
Autor: EDSON DE SOUZA LAYA JUNIOR
Instituição: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO - PUC-RIO
Colaborador(es):  -
Nº do Conteudo: 56799
Catalogação:  27/12/2021 Idioma(s):  PORTUGUESE - BRAZIL
Tipo:  TEXT Subtipo:  THESIS
Natureza:  SCHOLARLY PUBLICATION
Nota:  Todos os dados constantes dos documentos são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. Os dados utilizados nas descrições dos documentos estão em conformidade com os sistemas da administração da PUC-Rio.
Referência [pt]:  https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=56799@1
Referência [en]:  https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=56799@2
Referência DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.56799

Resumo:
The growing energy demand verified around the world and public awareness about the harmful effects of greenhouse gases excess in the atmosphere have been contributing to the articulation of far-reaching commitments in the name of adapt energy matrices to environmentally and economically sustainable ways. The adherence to renewable energy (such as solar and eolic) and descentralization of energy matrix through distributed generation technologies (aiming at the improvment of efficiency of energy use) are some of the more relevant movements done in order to deal with these demands. In the meantime, the present work is dedicated to numerical simulation using the 4E (Energy, Exergy, Environmental and Economic) concept of an on-grid hybrid CHP system to meet small residential or industrial demands, using natural gas and solar energy as preferred energy vectors. The system includes a natural gas reformer for the production of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM), photovoltaic panels, batteries connected to the grid by a bidirectional inverter, heat exchanger and auxiliary componentes, such as compressors and boilers. The system components were modeled separately based on conservation equations and their models duly validated. An energy and exergy analysis of the natural gas reformer was conducted using design of experiment methodology in order to assess the necessity to consider a complex formulation of the fuel instead of a surrogate (pure methane). Subsequently, these models were inserted as modules of a broader routine designed to simulate the economic performance of the integrated system in a time interval of up to 20 years. This routine implemented in MATLAB allows for the flexibility of important operational criteria such as the number of consumers, configuration of the hybrid system (storage and participation of solar energy), different types of tariff (conventional or white) and the posible use of reject heat for cogeneration, enriching the scope of the results obtained. Paybacks between 7 and 20 years of system operation were achieved for different combinations of the examined parameters considering adherence in the year 2020, where residential consumers have predominantly obtained better results than industrial ones due to the less intense demand of the first ones. Reductions of up to 50% in the total cumulative cost related to adherence to the proposed system for 20 years for residential users were also foreseen, taking into account the expected drop in component acquisition costs over the next few decades. The evaluation of the system in environmental terms was assessed through equivalent amount of CO2 by energy unit. It was concluded that the complete configuration, even supported by cogeneration, exceeds the average of the brazilian energy matrix emissions (due to the high share of renewable sources in this matrix), nevertheless remaining as a better option than pure combustion of natural gas, specially for meeting thermal demand.

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