This dissertation investigates the many relations between indigenous people, Africans, and their descendants during the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro in the 18th century. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to comprehend the tensions and negotiations between the colonial agents domination project and the presence of indigenous people, Africans, Afro-americans, and brown people, while also comprehending the complex socio-racial hierarchy system in place during the 18th century – and the transformations caused by the implementation of The Indian Directorate Act. The possibilities for agency and identity reconstitution were based by conditions of slavery and freedom, making the dynamics of the transatlanctic slave trade and its impact on the colonial context a fundamental factor to be comprehended. In this regard, the non-whites shared oppression and discrimination systems, even if in varying forms and degrees. The physical and symbolic spaces of the brazilian backwoods, scarcely regulated by the Portuguese Crown, created opportunities for agreements and disagreements between those groups, connecting their trajectories and building bonds of solidarity, or conflict situations. By means of a series of ethnographies of the particular, this research intends to draw a panorama of the opportunities and possible relations between non-whites, in light of the theoretical-methodological framework provided by the New Social History Movement and in compliance to the brazillian laws no. 10.639/03 and no. 11/645/08.