The present dissertation analyzed the challenges and perspectives of the social protection of refugee children and adolescents and refugee applicants in the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on the actions of governmental and non-governmental actors. Therefore, a qualitative approach was undertaken based on interviews with twelve professionals from institutions focused on serving the refugee population and those that make up the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System. In understanding the data collected, we use national and international regulations that regulate the protection of refugees and children and adolescents. The research allowed to discuss the connections between local integration and access to social policies, focusing on the actions and strategies of insertion and the practical and administrative-legal difficulties experienced by this population. The results point to the potential of the intervention of the institutions with this public, but also reveal that the normative frameworks alone are not sufficient for the consolidation of their rights. We conclude that there are still challenges to be faced in the field of social policies that serve this social group whose specificities must be recognized in the development of their services with a view to redressing one more of social inequities.