This research explores the persistent question regarding the reasons for the failure of the Brazilian Public Health System. Although the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 envisioned its Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) to become an universal system intended to guarantee full access and coverage for all, in practice this concept has never materialized. On the contrary, there are enormous inequalities on the delivery of health in Brazil. This research aims to demonstrate that methods of financing are one of the key elements to overcome such arduous situation. It is asserted that the current health financing model in Brazil is inefficient and ultimately promotes inequality. The first chapter reflects on aspects related to right to health from a global perspective, mapping the key concepts and tendencies of Global Health. The second chapter deliberates on the conflict between the infinite demand for health and the scarcity of resources to fulfill such demand, them, highlighting therefore the great importance of achieving a balance between equity and efficiency when conducting the task of allocating health resources. The third and the fourth chapters are addressed to the financing of the Brazilian s Unified Health System. The third chapter considers the Brazilian pattern of public health spending, in order to demonstrate that, historically, Brazilian governments evaded their responsibility of providing adequate health financing. The fourth and last chapter examines another problematic aspect of the public health financing in Brazil, which is the lack of cooperation between the federal units, the absence of such inter-federal covenant is believed to be detrimental to the health system as it impacts on its harmony and unity.