The reforestation is an important practice in implementation of forests in areas of course forest that due to anthropic action or natural, lost its original characteristics. Integrate the reforestation with the restoration of an ecosystem is a challenge to recover degraded environments. In This monograph have dealt with the reforestation carried out by Major Archer in the Tijuca Forest, in 1862, which implemented a system of reforestation with native and exotic species, not carried out in any other epoch. Considerations about the historical context in which it was done the reforestation are inserted in this work, as well as a summary comparison of shares held by Archer through the current conceptual framework of forest restoration. The reforestation done by Major Archer was of vital importance to the Tijuca Forest, which managed to recover its ecosystem and associated services, now protected by a National Park and representing one of the largest forest areas in large urban centers.