Children and teenagers are the object of constant concern the majority of governments. Given the condition of lack of sufficiency, international instruments have been created in order to increase protection for this portion of the population. After the Convention on Children Rights, the doctrine of full child protection has become stronger in several countries, including Brazil. Several rights have been established over the years such as education, non-discrimination and protection against any kind of exploitation. The right to education, or rather, the fight for its effectiveness has earned international dimension through the project Educação Para Todos (Education For All) and thought the goals established in Jomtiem and in Dakar. The Federal Constitution of 1988 state as the basis of the Brazilian State the human dignity and as its fundamental goals the building of a fair and caring free society, the eradication of poverty and marginalization, as well the reduction of social inequalities. It provides, in addition, the protection of children and adolescents by the family, society and the State. Besides stating that education is a duty of the State and the family, it puts children and adolescents safe from all forms of negligence and discrimination. Brazil is committed to ensure the right to education of young people not only because of the constitutional devices, but also for being a part of international programs and to be signatory Declarations of Rights. This commitment to make effective the right to education can be understood when it reconstructs its historical significance. More than this, education can be seen as a means of growth of the intellectual and physical capacity and should be understood as an instrument of men liberation; a freedom that relates to the very human dignity. However, when considering the statistics provided by the IBGE, UNICEF, UNESCO, Inep and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development it is possible to identify that there is a gap between the laws and the reality. Children and adolescents, as an essential part of society, have the right to a worthy existence where people should be respected as unique and irreplaceable which, however, only takes place if there is the social duty of education. Verify if there are effective respect to the dignity of that part of society is only possible through the understanding of what education means and how it relates to the principle of human dignity. This analysis through both theoretical and practical plans, of the right to education in Brazil is what this study proposes to do.