The superior performance of quantum algorithms in some specific problems lies in the direct use of quantum mechanics phenomena to perform operations with data on quantum computers. This feature has originated a new approach, named Quantum-Inspired Computing, whose goal is to create classic algorithms (running on classical computers) that take advantage of quantum mechanics principles to improve their performance. In this sense, some quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms have been proposed and successfully applied in combinatorial and numerical optimization problems, presenting a superior performance to that of conventional evolutionary algorithms, by improving the quality of solutions and reducing the number of evaluations needed to achieve them. To date, however, this new paradigm of quantum inspiration had not yet been applied to Genetic Programming (GP), a class of evolutionary algorithms that aims the automatic synthesis of computer programs. This thesis proposes, develops and tests a novel model of quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm named Quantum-Inspired Linear Genetic Programming (QILGP) for the evolution of machine code programs. Linear Genetic Programming is so named because each of its individuals is represented by a list of instructions (linear structures), which are sequentially executed. The contributions of this work are the study and formulation of the novel use of quantum inspiration paradigm on evolutionary synthesis of computer programs. One of the motivations for choosing by the evolution of machine code programs is because this is the GP approach that, by offering the highest speed of execution, makes feasible large-scale experiments. The proposed model is inspired on multi-level quantum systems and uses the qudit as the basic unit of quantum information, which represents the superposition of states of such a system. The model’s operation is based on quantum individuals, which represent a superposition of all programs of the search space, whose observation leads to classical individuals and programs (solutions). The tests use symbolic regression and binary classification problems to evaluate the performance of QILGP and compare it with the AIMGP model (Automatic Induction of Machine Code by Genetic Programming), which is currently considered the most efficient GP model to evolve machine code, as cited in numerous references in this field. The results show that Quantum-Inspired Linear Genetic Programming (QILGP) presents superior overall performance in these classes of problems, by achieving better solutions (smallest error) from a smaller number of evaluations, with the additional advantage of using a smaller number of parameters and operators that the reference model. In comparative tests, the model shows average performance higher than that of the reference model for all case studies, achieving errors 3-31% lower in the problems of symbolic regression, and 36-39% in the binary classification problems. This research concludes that the quantum inspiration paradigm can be a competitive approach to efficiently evolve programs, encouraging the improvement and extension of the model presented here, as well as the creation of other models of quantum-inspired genetic programming.