The aspects of urban agriculture, UA, to be analyzed in this work have the scope limited to the city of Rio de Janeiro, whose territorial extension represents 2.74 percent of the total area of the state of the same name, concentrating: 38.69 percent of this population, or, from the perspective of the metropolitan region, 15.94 percent of this area, where lives 51.66 percent of the population of this metropolis. It is the city with the second largest GDP in the country and is home to approximately 6 million people who depend on natural resources from outside its borders for their food, water and energy supplies. An ancient city, founded in colonial times, which was once the capital of the empire and the republic, with a long history and contribution to the growth of Brazil, whose survival may be threatened by extreme events of water scarcity outside its territory. From this perspective, this study aims to question the potential contribution of urban agriculture to the resilience of this city to extreme events of water scarcity resulting from climate change, and which, in the recent past, summer 2013/2014 and summer 2014/2015, presented reduction in the water flow of the federal river called Paraíba do Sul, whose waters are partly transferred to the Guandú system, the main water supplier of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, and that put at risk the supply of treated water distribution services to this city. If there is no water for people, will there be water for use in agriculture? Would this strategy of supporting UA practices be truly sustainable, not only from an environmental perspective, but also from an economic and social perspective? Would there be other water sources in the city that could benefit from agroforestry and sanitation practices so that we could have the quantity and quality of water sufficient to mitigate this dependence on external water, at least for UA practices? To answer these questions, this study extended its analysis beyond the mere aspects of food and nutritional security, with a multidisciplinary approach, making explicit the relationships with other public policies, that could benefit from this implementation, in areas such as: health; social assistance; work and income; sanitation; education; energy; and the area of urban planning itself.