Understanding the aspects related to the history of a religious segment in Brazil is of fundamental importance for the history of this country. Amid the massive presence of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, whose representatives were already present in the first steps of colonization in 1500, it was only in the 19th century that Protestants were able to carry out their missionary work in a relatively free manner in the country, since the Constitution of 1824 restricted their space for worship. In this sense, every religious manifestation is not divorced from the cultural elements of a people. This was the case with the American Protestant presence of the missionaries of the Baptist Mission Board sent to Brazil in the mid-19th century. The strangeness of the cultural standard of Brazilians at that time and the difficulties faced in proclaiming the Baptist Protestant way of being had to be overcome in the face of a religious framework dominated by Catholicism, in order to spread the Word of God in Brazil, according to Baptist Theology. One aspect that should not be overlooked is the type of Baptist mission, which brought with it the North American cultural perception, that is, its interpretation of the Word of God, according to the American cultural mediation. This North American Baptist missionary program took place at a particular and important moment in the History of Brazil, the Proclamation of the Republic. Therefore, in order to better understand the political relationship of the Empire and the imminent Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil, with the society at that historical moment, whose economic leaders were the barons of sugar, cotton and coffee, added to this, the strong presence of Catholic Christianity and the Protestant missionary segments in Brazil, here in this research, exclusively from the Baptist Church. A historical review of these elements was used. This historical and deeply critical perception of the facts that occurred in Brazilian society reveals human actions and their interests of power, whether in politics or religion, which in many cases are directly linked. Only in this way, through careful investigation, can the researcher go deeper into the historical events, piercing the veneer that It covers up some historical inconveniences that are muffled by the preservation of an image, whether human or institutional, but this is the role of the theologian who penetrates the historical, political and religious environment of his society, investigating the facts as closely as possible to how they really occurred. It is not a question of tarnishing the characters mentioned or depriving them of their good works, but simply presenting them as they are, merely human.