Initially, this dissertation delves into an analytical exploration of communicative freedoms. Subsequently, it retells the Escola Base case, as well as critically examines the judicial decisions made regarding civil liability actions filed by the former owners of the school against some media outlets. It also analyzes the emergence of post-industrial journalism, which revolutionized how the press began to publish news and share information, particularly within the realm of the internet. Then, it examines the various forms of interaction between traditional media and social media, as well as the need for enhanced ethical duties among press professionals. Following that, there is a doctrinal analysis of the concepts, elements, and functions of civil liability for the commission of unlawful acts (in a broad sense) by the press. Finally, there is a brief comparative analysis between the Escola Base case and the hashtag salvebelparameninas case, aiming to determine whether traditional media has learned from past mistakes or has continued in harmful conduct, while also examining potential differences and similarities between unlawful conduct committed by the press in the past and today. In summary, this work aims to analyze the civil liability of traditional media in the post-truth era for disseminating false and/or defamatory news facts originating from social media as if they were news. To develop this research, support was sought from national and foreign doctrines and jurisprudential analyses, particularly in the domestic Superior Courts.