The legal function of adoption is to promote family life for those deprived of their family of origin. It is the most complete way of placing children and adolescents in a substitute family, due to the formation of a bond of filiation. For adults, it is one of the means of parental planning, which must be exercised responsibly and in the best interests of the child to come. The this paper aims to analyze civil liability for abusive withdrawal from adoption and for "returning" the child, as an instrument for protecting the psychophysical integrity of children and adolescents and their rights to material assistance and formal education. Firstly, is about the possible impact of the institute on parental relationships. Secondly, the path taken by adopters in the adoption process is portrayed, in order to point out various opportunities to withdraw without damage. This is followed by an analysis, from the point of view of Brazilian doctrine and case law, of the legal basis for civil liability for withdrawing from adoption during the cohabitation stage. Next, the paper examinse the irrevocability of adoption after the bond of filiation has been established and the legal impossibility of returning a child. Finally, the insufficiency of the response expressed by the legal system is demonstrated and the application of the discipline of civil liability as an instrument for protecting the rights of the child is addressed.