Low salinity water flooding is an advanced oil recovery (EOR) strategy in carbonate reservoirs, where the concentration and composition of the brine are crucial for oil removal. This study investigated the chemical and physical aspects of low salinity water flooding and its impact on oil recovery, focusing on the interaction and modifications at the oil-calcite interface. FTIR measurements were used to characterize the adsorption and quantify the removal of mineral oil Nujol on calcite single crystals cleaved along the (104) plane, before and after conditioning in brines under different conditions. The results showed that Nujol forms a continuous film on the calcite surface, preventing its dissolution under aging conditions in lower salinity brines. The amount of oil removed varied according to the salinity of the brine. Under the experimental conditions investigated, the freshly cleaved calcite surface is more efficiently converted from oleophilic to hydrophilic when conditioned in intermediate salinity condition (LS75). The oil removal was quantified using semiquantitative FTIR analysis, ranging from approximately 20 percent for formation water (FW) to about 81 percent after conditioning in LS75. Spectroscopic analysis indicated a competition between the incorporation of ionic species from the brine at the interface and the dissolution of calcite, directly affecting the surface crystallinity. Conditioning with deionized water (DW) did not result in optimal oil removal due to increased dissolution and re-adsorption of oil molecules. The study also found that magnesium had a greater influence on oil removal from the surface compared to calcium. The surfaces previously hydrated with FW and DW showed significant alterations. Hydration with FW does not necessarily cause dissolution but promotes the adsorption of OH groups, creating anchoring points for the oil. In contrast, hydration with DW resulted in a loss of crystallinity, generating defects on the surface. In both cases, changes in the characteristic vibration bands of nujol were observed, suggesting different interactions of the oil with the surface. Comparing the amount of oil adsorbed under the three conditions studied, the calcite hydrated with FW showed the highest amount of adsorbed oil, associated with ion adsorption on the surface.