In this thesis, an investigation is carried out on the relationship between the forces of the new brazilian conservatism and the performance of the tutelary council in the face of the demands arising from the school. The process of choosing tutelary counselors, which took place across the country in 2019, reaffirmed fierce disputes between candidates allied with conservative religious sectors (mainly Catholics and evangelicals, with emphasis on the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God) and progressive sectors, interested to work in the field of guaranteeing the rights of children and adolescents. The theoretical references of this research are articulated around two axes: i) the advancement of the new Brazilian conservatism in education, mobilized by references from the fields of Social Sciences and Education; ii) the crossings between the guardianship council and the school due to moral biases, punitiveness and judicialization. In methodological terms, this research, with a qualitative approach, was guided by five procedures, namely: i) survey of bills within the Chamber of Deputies, between the years 2003 and 2020, which deal with the guardianship council; ii) survey and analysis of speeches from the Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights (MMFDH), with an emphasis on two National Secretariats, the Family and the Rights of Children and Adolescents; iii) mapping the profile of guardian councilors elected for management from 2020 to 2023, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, referenced by digital ethnographic inspiration through wandering; iv) incursion into tutelar council accompanied by observation and field diary records; v) semi-structured interviews with counselors. The empirical material of this research was analyzed using the Content Analysis framework. This thesis shows that, within the Executive, the MMFDH instrumentalized, through moral panic, the agenda of human rights for children and adolescents under the alleged discourse of child protection against supposed ideological attacks. The permanent proximity, the establishment of links and the praise of the work of counselors, especially those from smaller municipalities, configured one of the capillarization strategies in strengthening moral, familistic and anti-gender logics, promoted by the MMFDH. Within the scope of the fieldwork undertaken, it was possible to identify that the involvement of conservative groups and, more specifically, religion, is a sensitive point. Often, the counselors proximity to evangelical churches was omitted during the interviews. There are disputes between conservative and progressive counselors regarding their role on the tutelary council. These disputes reverberate, mainly, in the hostile work climate, which impacts the periodic organization of collegial meetings, the intensification of the practice of complaints between the counselors themselves to higher authorities, and the application of protective measures aimed at children and adolescents, even in the name of supposed protection, which, often, reinforce practices of control and blame on poor families. Finally, it should be noted that there are progressive counselors who outline sensitive strategies to demystify the approximations of the guardianship council to that of a police and punitive body, as is still strongly interpreted and propagated in the school environment.