The puerperium is the period of reestablishment of woman s pre-pregnancy functioning after childbirth and is characterized by biological, psychological and social changes. From a transdiagnostic point of view, some processes, such as perfectionism, can influence the presentation of psychopathologies, such as anxiety disorders, in the postpartum period. Considering the postpartum period as a time of greater vulnerability for women s mental health, the objective of this dissertation is to understand the presence of anxiety disorders and the role of perfectionism. Article 1 verifies the prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and postpartum based on a systematic review of studies that used diagnostic interviews based on the criteria of DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR, DSM-5, and ICD-10, which were maintained in the DSM5-TR organization. Article 2 proposed translating, adapting and evaluating the psychometric properties of Frost s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in a sample of Brazilian women and comparing the groups of postpartum women and nonpostpartum women. The results demonstrate a significant prevalence of anxiety disorders during this period and identify the feasibility of using this perfectionism instrument for women in Brazil. Although it presents some limitations, it is suggested that future studies be carried out to expand this investigation and propose strategies to protect maternal mental health.