LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is a useful tool for assessing and exposing the growing environmental, economic, and social impacts caused by products and industrial processes, especially when they have a complex supply chain, as is the case with the main fuels of the diesel cycle (diesel A, FAME biodiesel, and HVO). Using different possible scenarios for the diesel fuel matrix in Brazil as context and a simplified LCA methodological structure described by ABNT as a tool, this study aims to answer which diesel engine fuel, over its life cycle, generates fewer CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, using this indicator to quantify the environmental impacts of these products. One of the main conclusions is that both renewable alternatives significantly reduce CO2 emissions when compared to fossil-origin diesel. This is because while fossil fuel generates CO2 emissions in its raw material stage (petroleum), biofuels capture CO2 in the equivalent stage (plants). Another conclusion relates to the greater impact of some stages (such as consumption and raw material) compared to others (such as production and transportation). Finally, it was also concluded that the possibility of using HVO without the need for blending with fossil-origin diesel in combustion engines is an environmental advantage of this biofuel over FAME biodiesel.