The field of International Political Economy (IPE) is traditionally comprised of Western scholars and focuses on classical European literature, composed of three classical approaches, which are liberalism, nationalism and Marxism. Bearing in mind that the term international presupposes a global reach of the discipline, it is relevant to understand the efforts to theorize the field by academics from the Global South, who understand themes such as market, State and development from the perspective of outside Europe, even influenced by their own indigenous and ancient philosophies. As China is a rising hegemonic power and has ancient philosophical and scientific background, it is important to understand how Chinese academics in the field understand IPE, so that Chinese thought can be defined either in classical Western aspects or even composing new aspects specific to China, which could potentially transform the discipline. This dissertation aims to analyse themes of International Political Economy, such as development, promotion of industry, protectionism, surplus value, relations between State and market in the light of the modern and ancient thought of the Chinese themselves, in dialogue with traditional IPE (mostly Anglo-Saxon, but not only), especially Sunian Nationalism, Confucianism, Taoism and the Tiangxia system of world order. This analysis allows us to conclude that China s indigenous thought is much more than a mixture of Western approaches: it composes its own unique approach that can shift the discipline towards new ways of understanding International Political Economy.