Women s representation in spaces of power is both a necessity and a right in societies whose democratic values are non-negotiable for achieving women s political citizenship. However, the consolidation of women s political rights is crossed by a series of challenges and tensions that limit their autonomy, recognition, and the exercise of such rights, compelling women to mobilize and fight. This concern gave rise to the question that guided this research work: how does political violence against vulnerable groups, especially women, emerge as a category mobilized by different social actors? In order to answer this question, the thesis initially reconstructs the dynamics of women s organization and political participation around the construction of the Brazilian feminist movement(s), seeking to understand how the issue of violence has become a vector of articulation of feminist agendas since the civil-military dictatorship and during redemocratization. It also goes through the search for the naming of the problem of political violence since the experience of Latin American activism, especially the Bolivian case, until the legislative production of the first specific norm on the subject in Brazil, under Law number 14.192/2021, highlighting how the legislative technique focused on the punitive aspect and the obliteration of gender erupt as a moral dimension linked to the agenda contrary to women s rights; and approaches the narratives of women who do politics in Brazil, especially elected representatives, who inform, from their publicly reported experiences, the contours and specificities with which these violence and harassment present themselves. Furthermore, the analysis of the first case related to political violence referred to in Law number 14.192/21 is carried out, with the objective of demonstrating the procedural paths adopted and the reception of the specialized justice to process and judge the matter. I consider that political violence against women, in the context in which I address it, is a result of the combination of historical-cultural factors and the arrangements of the political-electoral system and that it manifests itself through omissions, acts and/or practices of groups or individuals aimed at hindering women s entry into and permanence in representative positions. It emerged in Brazil as a category mobilized by civil society from the reports narrated by the offended women and inspired by advocacy experiences and legislation in other countries. The normative version of the category emerges from the increase in episodes of violence in the midst of the political conjuncture permeated by bolsonarist extremism and hate speech.