The current thesis aimed to establish a theoretical and empirical framework to develop intervention programs for alexithymia, a condition related to socio-emotional impairments. The thesis is comprised of four articles. Article 1 validated an adapted version of the Bermond–Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ) for Brazilian Portuguese, showing that the TAS-20 and the BVAQ-BR measure different aspects of alexithymia. Article 2 validated the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS) adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, highlighting the negative correlation between interoceptive accuracy and alexithymia, and symptoms of ASD and dysphoric syndromes. Articles 1 and 2 provided reliable tools for assessing alexithymia and interoceptive accuracy in Brazil, showing their potential benefits in identifying risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Article 3 conducted a systematic review of the impact of DBT-based interventions on alexithymia, indicating the effectiveness of such interventions in improving emotional processing skills, although interventions incorporating principles from other treatments were more effective. Finally, Article 4 explored the relationship between alexithymia and empathy, revealing the multifaceted aspects of this relationship. The thesis proposes a robust framework to facilitate the development of intervention programs for alexithymia.