In recent years, Early Childhood has entered the public agenda. In addition to increased attention from academia, international organization and nongovernmental organizations, a public agenda has also started to value the issue, with the main result being the enactment of the Legal Framework for Early Childhood (MLPI, Law 13,257 of 2016) . Based on this finding, this dissertation aimed to analyze the factors that contributed to the choice of policies and actions that prioritize Early Childhood in the brazilian public agenda. To assess the factors that underlie the emergence and intensification of policies and actions aimed at guaranteeing the rights of children in Early Childhood, this qualitative investigation starts from the contribution of Childhood Studies that see childhood as a social construction that changes. throughout the historical process. To this end, aspects related to the social construction of Childhood and Early Childhood were analyzed; the main approaches that influence narratives, legislation and social programs aimed at Early Childhood; the cycle of public policies, agenda setting and how the different social actors relate to each other, in addition besides one to an analysis of the Brazilian socioeconomic context of indicators relating to Early Childhood. It was concluded that, despite the MLPI starting from the principle of guaranteeing rights, the dominant discourse in Brazil are mostly from the perspectives of neuroscience and economics. Furthermore, despite Early Childhood having entered the Brazilian public agenda, these achievements are still little reflected in the lives of Brazilian children.