This dissertation aims to investigate how traditional theoretical understandings (both in International Relations and in political theory in general) about political communities are challenged in contemporary times, through the point of view of fan communities articulated on the internet (fandoms). Mainstream theoretical approaches postulate that the exemplary political community and the only one that has an impact on politics and should be analysed is the nation-state. The state is treated, by these theories, as a timeless and a-historical entity, natural to the international system. These characteristics draw limits to the forms of imagination of the political community, resulting in implications about the territoriality and link between the state and a nation. These limits to the possible imagination of the political community have been increasingly questioned in IR, including through analyses that denaturalize the state as the only way of organizing political life. The dissertation moves in the same direction, taking fandoms as a point of view. The main argument of the dissertation is that fandoms present challenges to the traditional conceptions of what political communities are, especially through two aspects: territoriality, since fandoms exist on the internet, which is deterritorialized; and nationality, since the emotional attachments that found and maintain the community are to the fan object and other fans.