Disaster response organizations are increasingly looking for efficiency in carrying out their processes so that they can be able to serve as many affected people as possible. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to propose a maturity model to assessment of disaster operations and identify strategies that allow the evolution of maturity. To this end, the research based on a systematic literature review, which identified eight models for disaster operations management, and a case study. The Maturity Model for Disaster Processes was proposed based on the systematic literature review. As a first validation, a case study was conducted at the Civil Defense of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to assess the maturity of the response operations. Three different situations in this case study were analyzed: General (Situation 1), a recurring disaster type in the region - the floods in the north and northwest of Rio de Janeiro (Situation 2), and a non-recurring disaster - the COVID-19 pandemic (Situation 3). It was found that, the organization reached final maturity stage 4 (Aurora) for the three situations analyzed, with signs of evolution to the maximum stage (Zenith). Also, as it is recurrent disaster type, disaster of the Situation 2 showed more significant similarities in carrying out disaster response processes compared to the General Situation (1).