This work had as an objective analyze the use of differentiation strategies in the internalization process of Brazilian companies in the shoe industry by means of a study of the Calçados Azaléia S.A. case. To do this we reviewed the literature on internalization processes, covering the principal theories that try to explain these processes, different modes of entry chosen by firms – export, contractual and investments – and the strategies used in the internalization processes. The method chosen for this case was the study of the case. The collection of the data used primary and secondary data sources. The analysis contemplated the firm’s history of internationalization, the chosen internationalization methods, the selection of foreign markets and the adopted strategies. At the end of the study, we present the main conclusions and recommendations for companies from the achieved experience and this may serve as a reference for executives and academics.