The core problem from which the analysis object of this thesis unfolds its main claims is the transformation of the work process provoked by the technological innovation of the latest decades and its potential of changing the society and the International Political Economy. Its aim is to set a link between the mutually transforming dynamics of work, social organization and the expansive trend of the capitalist political economy, now in a new stage or mode of accumulation, here called the cognitive capitalism. The character of this new face of the capitalist mode of accumulation is the flexibility permitted by the increasing participation of fix capital against the decrease in higher proportions of the participation of labour force on the distribution of the results of the productive activity in general. This character combines itself with a dispute between, in one side, a materialization process of intangible goods through the privatization of intellectual work reified in knowledge transformed in fix capital and, in the other side, a strong tendency towards dematerialization of the productive activity following the recent technological innovation. We identify this combination as the central dilemma of cognitive capitalism. The dematerialization we refer to is represented by the absence of obstacles to the endless reproduction of knowledge transformed in commodity/data widely applied in any and all productive activity. Therefore, the dematerialization process allows the endless offer of the good around which cognitive capitalism develops, putting and end in the scarcity problem and consequently banalizing the value and producing a crises in the conceptual system used to explain the way through each societies organize its productive activities with the purpose of wealth accumulation. The dematerialization tendency presents itself also through the construction of new networks of social power, with its sources and via of diffusion created and reinforced by the new technologies, promoting, consequently, a crises in the conceptual system used to explain the production of power resources which determine the distribution in the International system of the productive activity results and technological innovation advantages.