The development of autonomic parallel metaheuristics to be efficiently executed in computational grid is the challenge of this thesis. The parallel application must be able to self-adjust to the changes that occur dynamically in the environment, without the user needing to interfere directly in the code of the application. For this, the autonomic metaheuristic should be seen as an application on two independent levels: middleware and strategy. The middleware is responsible for managing the entire execution environment, according to the characteristics of the application. The distributed hierarchical strategy enables the cooperation between all processes involved, without degrading the performance of the application due to increased communication between processes. To validate this proposal, two parallel implementations of metaheuristics were developed, one for the mirrored traveling tournament problem and the other for the diameter constrained minimum spanning tree problem. For both problems, the developed implementations were tested in the grid Synergy environment, formed by machines located in three different cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The paralelizations improved, for several instances, the best known results in the literature.