This dissertation discusses the use of fractals in the teaching of mathematical subjects in the context of elementary, middle and high school, aiming at raising and attracting the interest and curiosity of the students through the beauty and dynamism they offer to the construction of mathematical concepts such as: similarity, perimeter, area, volume, arithmetic and geometric progression. This work begins with a brief history about the emergence of fractals and a summary of levels of cognitive development according to the van-Hiele model. Then, it is shown a collection of activities involving fractals with increasing difficulty levels that provide students with meaningful learning with nuances of modernity. From their own perceptions and the exchange of ideas between them, they formulated recursive techniques to predict a next iteration of the figure and means to obtaining the perimeter and area of the next figures. We believe that with this dissertation we can not only work and develop basic mathematical concepts, but also foster the study of the infinity concept, in addition to reducing the distance between Algebra and Geometry imposed by most current textbooks in use.