Brazilian vehicle fleet makes wide use of fossil fuels and biofuels such as gasoline and bioethanol, the latter used neat, hydrated, or as gasoline additive, anhydrous. In case of leakage of such light fuels to the environment, correlation between contaminants and suspicious sources applying traditional techniques such as Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is extremely difficult, since gasoline does not have biomarkers and presents similar hydrocarbons distributions, while unambiguous differentiation of ethanol is unfeasible. A recent analytical alternative is the Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) by Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CF-IRMS). In this work, a methodology for isotopic analysis suitable to gasoline was implemented using also headspace extraction (HS-CF-IRMS). Sample introduction using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) as an alternative to Headspace was also evaluated, presenting, however, technical problems which restricted its use only to BTEX standards, preventing its application in gasoline samples under the tested conditions. Analyses of hydrogen isotopic ratios (delta 2 H) for toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes present in the composition of 38 gasoline samples collected in 12 Brazilian refineries were performed along several sampling campaigns, aiming at the assessment of the existence of specific isotopic signatures for each refinery studed. Results obtained were statistically evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), yielding statistically homogeneous groups of data. Graphical representation analysis in 3D of these data sets allowed the identification of six refineries with specific isotopic ratios, as well as two sets grouped by similarity of their isotopic ratios in most of the studied plots. However, due to inconsistent values between different campaigns for some refineries, the preliminary results obtained in this study are valid only for the campaigns not excluded in the statistical treatment, therefore they cannot be understood as a general rule. Regarding to ethanol, isotopic markers were used and tested as a tool for identification of its geographical origin. In this case carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios (delta 13 C and delta 2 H) were evaluated in the biofuel produced in four sugarcane mills located in crop areas from the states of Amazonas (North), Mato Grosso (Center-West), São Paulo (Southeast) and Rio Grande do Sul (South), as well as delta 13 C values in plants collected in respective sugarcane fields. The technique used was CF-IRMS. Also, oxygen (delta 18 O) and hydrogen isotopic patterns were determined in plant-water, soil-water, rainwater, and water from reservoirs and some rivers associated to each sugarcane mill, through Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectroscopy (IRIS). Ethanol showed similar seasonal variation of delta 2 H as those observed for plant-water, highlighting the influence of hydrological cycle on the isotopic fingerprint of the alcohol. It was found that the substantial and complex influence of the hydrological cycle on delta 2 H and the small variations on delta 13 C constrain the use of isotopes as tracers for ethanol origin.