The objective of this work is to study the behavior of iron and gold mine tailings reinforced with polypropylene fibers with the objective of the applicability of these composites in landfills (piles) of mine tailings. The fibers were randomly distributed in the mine tailings (matrix), where was used a content of 0.5 percent in relation to the dry weight of the matrix. The iron and gold mine tailings are classified as a silty sand and a silty clay, respectively. The experimental program consisted of conventional drained and undrained triaxial tests (effective confinement stresses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 kPa) in non-reinforced and reinforced samples. Direct shear tests with a polished surface (normal stresses of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kPa) were performed to determine the influence of reinforcement on the residual phase of the composites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests were performed to visualize the fiber-matrix interaction. The global analysis of the results allowed to show that polypropylene fibers do not modify the elastoplastic behavior of the iron mine tailings, but in the gold mine tailings the behavior changes to the strain hardening elastoplastic. Shear strength increased in both reinforced tailings, with a minimum gain equivalent to twice the shear stress of non-reinforced tailings. The strength parameters in the drained, undrained and residual condition of both mine tailings were increased with the addition of fiber. Regarding the volumetric variation, the iron mine tailings exhibits a dilative behavior and the fiber addition increases this behavior. In the gold mine tailings, it is observed that the initial volumetric tendency is contractive and then presents a slight dilatancy, however, with the fiber addition, the dilative behavior is eliminated. In conclusion, the applicability of the polypropylene fibers is showed as an alternative of reinforcement and improvement of the geotechnical behavior of the studied tailings.